![]() ![]() The diaphragm cell process and the mercury cell process have been used for over 100 years but are environmentally unfriendly through their use of asbestos and mercury, respectively. It has become the principal source of chlorine during the 20th century. The chloralkali process has been in use since the 19th century and is a primary industry in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan. Much of this hydrogen is used to produce hydrochloric acid, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, or is burned for power and/or steam production. For every mole of chlorine produced, one mole of hydrogen is produced. Because the process yields equivalent amounts of chlorine and sodium hydroxide (two moles of sodium hydroxide per mole of chlorine), it is necessary to find a use for these products in the same proportion. The process has a high energy consumption, for example around 2,500 kWh (9,000 MJ) of electricity per tonne of sodium hydroxide produced. Related processes are known that use molten NaCl to give chlorine and sodium metal or condensed hydrogen chloride to give hydrogen and chlorine. When using calcium chloride or potassium chloride, the products contain calcium or potassium instead of sodium. Usually the process is conducted on a brine (an aqueous solution of NaCl), in which case sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrogen, and chlorine result. The chlorine and sodium hydroxide produced in this process are widely used in the chemical industry. Thirty five million tons of chlorine were prepared by this process in 1987. ![]() It is the technology used to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), which are commodity chemicals required by industry. The chloralkali process (also chlor-alkali and chlor alkali) is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. Industrial process for electrolysis of sodium chloride Old drawing of a chloralkali process plant ( Edgewood, Maryland) ![]()
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